Archaeological Excavation in Andhra Pradesh

(PIB NEWS) Minister of State for Planning and Parliamentary Affairs Shri V. Narayanasamy has said that Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is working to strengthen the archaeological excavation work in the State of Andhra Pradesh. In a written reply in the Lok Sabha today he said, during the last three years, ASI carried out excavation / scientific clearance works in Andhra Pradesh at (1) Ancient Buddhist Mound, Alluru, District Krishna. (2) Ancient Buddhist Mound, Kotturu, District Visakhapatnam (3) Buddhist Mound, Kodavali, District East Godavari (4) Buddhist Mound, Ghantasala, District Krishna (5) Ancient Mound, Kantamanenivari gudem, District West Godavari and (6) Ancient Mound, Kondapur, District Medak.
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Ministry of I&B calls for caution in coverage of incidents of terrorist attacks

(PIB NEWS) The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India has advised electronic media to exercise caution while providing coverage to the incidents of terrorist attacks. The text of the fresh advisory is as follows: “This is in continuation of the directives issued by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 27th November 2008 and 3rd December 2008, regarding the coverage of incidents by electronic media during terrorist attacks in Mumbai. In the said directive, TV channels were asked to exercise caution while providing coverage to the incidents to avoid any adverse consequences on the rescue operations. It has also been noted that in the past some TV channels arranged and telecast interviews with terrorists/terrorist groups. In a particular case, a prominent TV channel telecast a phone interview with a dreaded terrorist who tried to internationalize the Kashmir issue using the electronic mass media. This kind of coverage can cause confusion amongst domestic and international audiences. The interviews with terrorists have also provided a platform to them to justify their nefarious activities and obtain coverage on prominent channels which is seen as a major achievement and enabling them to put forward their distorted views to a wide audience. Such undue coverage to terrorists and allowing them to air their views freely can jeopardize national security as well. This matter has been under examination in this Ministry and in the Ministry of Home Affairs and Government has taken a very serious view regarding airing of interviews with terrorists/terrorist groups by TV Channels. While the media has generally played a very constructive role in bringing out relevant issues regarding terrorism and has condemned terrorists for their brutal and ruthless ways, it must, however, be again emphasized that media must continue to cover terrorism and terrorist related issues with great responsibility and sensitivity. In the interests of national security and on the advice of Ministry of Home Affairs, the media is hereby advised to avoid giving undue coverage to terrorists and terrorist groups which may help them to advance their political agenda. Such coverage would amount to gross violation of the provisions of the Programme Code contained in the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act 1995 and Rules framed thereunder.”
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Coaching to Minority Students

(PIB NEWS) The University Grants Commission (UGC) has provided coaching under (i) ‘Remedial coaching at Undergraduate and Post-graduate levels’, (ii) Coaching for Entry in services and (iii) Coaching to prepare for National Eligibility Test (NET) or State Eligibility Test (SET) for lectureship’, during the Xth Plan for beneficiaries belonging to the minority communities in the country. From the XIth Plan onwards the UGC coaching schemes for minorities have been merged under the scheme of Development grants. In addition, UGC has provided assistance to Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow and Aligarh Muslim University for setting up of ‘Residential Coaching Academies for Minorities/SCs/STs and Women’. This information was given by the Minister of State for Human Resource Development Smt. D. Purandeswari, in a written reply to a question, in the Lok Sabha today.
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Show proof of Maoist link to Telangana stir, says apex court

The Supreme Court Tuesday asked the Andhra Pradesh government to substantiate its claim that Maoists have infiltrated the student ranks of Osmania University, which is spearheading the movement for a new Telangana state.“Where is the input of the infiltration inside the campus? What is the proof available? We would like to have it,” a bench of Justice G.S. Singhvi and Justice Asok Kumar Ganguly said as senior counsel Harish Salve, appearing for the Andhra Pradesh government, made the claim.As the state government’s lawsuit challenging an Andhra Pradesh High court ruling for removal of paramilitary forces from the Osmania University campus came up, Salve said the troopers are indispensable and could not be shifted.He said the state has intelligence inputs suggesting that the university has been infiltrated by Maoists who are trying to take control of the movement for a new state.The bench then sought intelligence inputs to back the claim and adjourned the matter for further hearing Feb 25, as Salve agreed to furnish the intelligence to the court by Wednesday.The bench also extended till Thursday its earlier order suspending the state high court’s Feb 16 order to the Andhra government to pull out the paramilitary forces from the Osmania campus.The state government challenged the high court order, saying the court cannot order the removal of paramilitary forces from the campus which is a hotbed of the Telangana agitation. (thanks to way2online)======================================================

AP assembly urges pro-Telangana youth not to commit suicide,

The Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly Tuesday appealed to the youths and students of Telangana not to commit suicide over the issue of statehood to the region even as three more youngsters ended their lives since Monday.Speaker N.Kirankumar Reddy made the appeal on behalf of the entire house after Chief Minister K. Rosaiah made a statement, urging youths not to resort to the extreme step.“Your lives are precious. The state needs your lives. I, on behalf of the entire house, appeal to you not to commit suicide,” the speaker said.Leader of Opposition and Telugu Desam Party (TDP) president N. Chandrababu Naidu also made a similar appeal while voicing his concern over the spate of suicides.Earlier, Rosaiah urged the youths and students not to commit suicide and express their opinion in a peaceful and democratic manner. He welcomed the Osmania University students’ Joint Action Committee (JAC) decision not to resort to violence and its appeal to students not to end their lives.The chief minister told the house that the issue was sensitive and everybody has his opinion. “But this opinion should be expressed in a peaceful manner without causing inconvenience to people,” he said.He advised them to convey their views to the Srikrishna Committee formed by the central government to look into the statehood issue. Stating that all regions were equal for him, Rosaiah assured the house that he would abide by the central government’s decision.Naidu said all should exercise restraint. “This is a sensitive issue. The youths are taking their lives in emotion. The government should advise police to act with patience while tackling protests by students and youths,” he said while condemning police baton charge on Telangana advocates in New Delhi Monday.Meanwhile, desperate over the delay in formation of a separate state, three more youngsters committed suicide in Telangana since Monday. One person each committed suicide in Ranga Reddy, Medak and Warangal districts.They included 18-year-old girl student who committed suicide by hanging at Moinabad in Ranga Reddy district. In her suicide note, Sarita, a Class 12 student, blamed Rosaiah.and Chandrababu Naidu for being hurdles in formation of the Telangana state.Last week, a 19-year-old student had immolated himself in full public view during a protest at Osmania University in Hyderabad city.Pro-Telangana parties claim that more than 300 people have committed suicides for Telangana during last three months.  (thanks to way2online)
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UNION MINISTER SHRI DAYANIDHI,INAUGURATING EXPO

The Union Minister of Textiles, Shri Dayanidhi Maran inaugurating the 16th India Carpet Expo organised by the Carpet Export Promotion Council, in New Delhi on February 23, 2010. The Minister of State of Textiles, Smt. Panabaka Lakshmi and the Secretary, Ministry of Textiles, Smt. Rita Menon are also seen.
(Photo by PIB No:CNR-30533)
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FINISHING TOUCHES TO RAILWAY BUDGET,MAMATA

The Union Minister for Railways, Kumari Mamata Banerjee will be giving finishing touches to the Railway Budget 2010-11, in New Delhi on February 23, 2010.
Ministers of State for Railways, Shri E. Ahamed and Shri K. H. Muniyappa, the Chairman, Railway Board, Shri S. S. Khurana and other Board Members are also seen.  (Photo by PIB No:CNR-30537)
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Performance of PSUs in Andhra Pradesh

(PIB NEWS)As per registered offices, there were nine Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) functioning in the state of Andhra Pradesh as on 31st March 2009. In addition, there were 93 other CPSEs which had their presence in the state. The expenditure, in terms of real investment (gross block), in these 102 CPSEs amounted to Rs. 66260.94 crore as on 31st March 2009 (i.e. the second year of 11th Five year Plan. This information was given by Shri Arun Yadav, Minister of State for Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises in a written reply to a question in Rajya Sabha today. =======================================================

Steps taken to promote Unani Medicine in the Country

(PIB NEWS) I. National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM)

In order to promote the formal study of Unani system of medicine the Government of India has set up the National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM) at Bangalore in the year 1984. NIUM has a strength of 74 PG students. In addition to the 5 PG courses currently being offered it plans to commence 8 new PG Degree courses in two phases. NIUM also plans to commence PG Diploma Courses in Unani Medicine in Regimental Therapy, Pharmacy and Skin Disorders. In addition collaborative clinical studies on major diseases with other scientific organisations/industries are being undertaken.
II.Central Council of Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM)
i.The CCRUM is being developed as a Nodal Centre for Continuing Medical Education (CME) and Reorientation of Training Programme (ROTP) for teaching faculty in Unani medicine and private practitioners in Unani medicine.
ii.Unani drugs developed by the CCRUM are being introduced in NRHM programme.
iii.New centres in the states/Union territory where Unani infrastructure is presently not available are being set up.
iv. C.C.R.U.M. is also being developed as a Nodal centre for Research Registry in Unani System of Medicine.
v.Organisation of Health Camps on large scale particularly in Western Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh has been done under Public Health Intervention.
vi. Standards of 150 single/compound drugs have been finalized.
vii. Extra Mural Research Projects (EMR) are being taken up.
III. Other central sector scheme
The other central sector schemes of the Department of AYUSH under which it is planned to promote Unani system of medicine are:
(A) Under the Centers of Excellence Scheme the Department of AYUSH has identified and granted financial assistance for following projects:
i. Naimat Science Academy, Chennai for upgrading into Center of Excellence for Unani Regimental Therapy, at a cost of Rs. 250 lakhs.
ii. Sahara Foundation, Hyderabad for upgrading and establishing “Dr. Ahmed Ashraf Memorial Unani Specialty Treatment Center for Paralysis (Falij)” at a cost of Rs. 250.56 lakhs.
iii. Ibn-e-sina Academy, Aligarh at a cost of Rs. 100 lakhs.
(B) Various Unani institutes/NGOs are being supported under different schemes of the department like Public Health Initiatives, Acquisition, Cataloging, Digitization & Publication of text books etc.
(C) Two state level Government Unani Colleges (Government Nizamia Tibbia College, Hyderabad, A.P. and Government Ayurvedic & Unani College, Karol Bagh, Delhi) have been identified for upgrading as National Institutes at a cost of Rs. 50 crore each. This information was given by Minister of State for Health & Family Welfare, Shri S. Gandhiselvan in written reply to a question raised in Rajya Sabha today.
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Pricing of Natural Gas ,

(PIB NEWS) The Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas Shri Murli Deora informed the Rajya Sabha in a written reply today that the National Oil Companies, viz., ONGC and OIL, have reported a loss on account of APM gas production, which leads to lack of investment for Exploration and Production activities. Views of the concerned Ministries, Departments and Planning Commission have been sought on the proposal to revise the APM price. The issue would be decided after taking all the views into consideration. Shri Deora added that the price of gas under the Administered Price Mechanism (APM) was last revised on ad-hoc basis in 2005. The Minister also said that the actual impact on cost of generation from the existing gas-based plants can be assessed once the decision with regard to increase in APM prices of natural gas is taken. Further, additional inflow to the Government by way of royalty, VAT, corporate tax, dividend and dividend distribution tax would also have to be considered. ======================================================

Reactions to President's Address on expected lines

Political parties came out with reactions to the President's Address to the Joint Session of Parliament today on expected lines with the ruling party hailing it as an' indicator of nation's progress' and the Opposition rubbishing it as 'directionless and devoid any vision.' Senior Congress leader and Minorities Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid said the facts and figures contained in the Address signalled towards great progress the country had achieved." It reflects the government's resolve and vision to take the nation to greater heights by way of economic prosperity, social justice and equal opportunities for all," Mr Khurshid said adding that the government was also committed towards the welfare of the minorities.On price rise, he said," mehngai to NDA ke zamane bhi thee( Price rise was there during the NDA regime too)." BJP senior leader M M Joshi said the President's Address was a " mere list of government programmes and had brought down its prestige. It has no vision, no direction and goals." On the government's failure to contain price rise, Dr Joshi said the Manmohan Singh government had evolved " no price and wage policy" with the result that now the aam aadmi had borne the brunt of the unprecedented rise in prices of essential commodities." When you leave the issue to the commmodity exchanges, adopt the consumerist model of development and not review the disastrous economic policies, price rise is bound to raise its ugly head again and again," the BJP leader said.He also came down heavily on the government for adopting what he called as "faulty" Wholesale Price Index and the Consumer Price Index.''The government has been saying for ten years that it want to change them but of no use." Labour and Employment Minister Mallikarjun Kharge said the Address emphasised that the promises made by the government last year had been implemented." It indicates towards great mass response to the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Scheme, high GDP, agricultural production and rural connectivity and welfare measures for the unorganised sector... all this shows as to how the country is making strides in the right direction." Senior Congress leader and Urban Development Minister Jaipal Reddy endorsed the views of his Cabinet collegues.However, Congress General Secretary Rahul Gandhi, Home Minister P Chidambaram and Railway Minister Mamta Banerjee chose not to speak to the press when they were asked to give their reactions.
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Andhra pradesh Disabled free from now' campaign from Feb 26

A.P-Chief Minister, will launch a state-wide campaign to make 'AP Disabled Free from Now' here on February 26, according to State Disabled Welfare Principal Secretary Chaya Ratan.Addressing a press conference here today, Ms Ratan said a study conducted by the state had found that 14 lakh people (about two per cent of the state population) were suffering from disabilities and a majority of them could be prevented if intervened at right time with some behavioural changes.The Chief Minister would flag off the rally from the Secretariat to People's Plaza to sensitise people on preventive steps, she said, adding the campaign would be taken across the state to highlight the need for stopping marriages among close blood relations, child marriages and pregnancy before 18 years.''We need to propagate pregnancy as a special lifetime event and treat expectant mother with care and protection -- ensuring good nutrition, proper healthcare, stress-free environment, 100 iron and folic acid tablets and a safe institutional delivery,'' she said.She stressed the need for timely immunisation of both mother and child, adequate nutrition with stimulating environment for children, especially colostrum at birth and exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months, Vitamin A supplements for children, safe drinking water and iodised salt consumption daily by family. ======================================================

Zero tolerance of terrorist activities: Patil

The government had a “zero tolerance” policy towards terrorism and remained vigilant against all forms of challenges posed by the threat, President Pratibha Patil Monday said.“Zero tolerance of terrorist activities is our principled policy. We have to keep constant watch and innovate against global terrorist groups,” Patil said, addressing a joint sitting of both houses of parliament on the opening day of the budget session.Detailing some measures taken by the government to strengthen the security apparatus, Patil said the establishment of the four National Security Guard (NSG) hubs, the operationalisation of the National Investigation Agency and strengthening the Multi-Agency Centre that analyses intelligence alerts on a real time basis had helped hinterland security.“The overall internal security, law and order and the communal situation remained largely under control during 2009. Infiltration of terrorists from across the line of control in Jammu and Kashmir has gone up,” she said.“Even then, the security situation has improved significantly in Jammu and Kashmir as well as the north east, but left wing extremism continues to be a significant cause of concern.”                                            (thanks to way2online)

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Dr. Manmohan Singh arrives at the Parliament House to attend the Budget Session

The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh arrives at the Parliament House to attend the Budget Session, in New Delhi on February 22, 2010. The Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and Water Resources, Shri Pawan Kumar Bansal and the Minister of State of Planning and Parliamentary Affairs, Shri V. Narayanasamy are also seen.  (Photo by No:CNR-30516)
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Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil being led in a ceremonial procession to the Central Hall of Parliament House,

The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil being led in a ceremonial procession to the Central Hall of Parliament House to address the Members of both the Houses of Parliament on Budget Session, in New Delhi on February 22, 2010. The Speaker, Lok Sabha, Smt. Meira Kumar, the Vice President and Chairman Rajya Sabha, Shri Mohd. Hamid Ansari, the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Union Minister for Parliamentary Affairs and Water Resources, Shri Pawan Kumar Bansal and other dignitaries are also seen.
(Photo by PIB No:CNR-30519)
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ROSAIAH ,presents tax-free Rs 1,13,660 crore budget

With Andhra Pradesh economy showing signs of recovery after being impacted by the global economic slowdown, Chief Minister and Finance Minister K Rosaiah today presented a Rs 1,13,660 crore tax-free budget, continuing the Congress Government's focus on development and welfare, the twin-engines for putting the state on right track of growth.Presenting the budget estimates to the State Assembly for the 16th time and for the first time as Chief Minister, Mr Rosaiah, in the backdrop of stir for and against division of the state, exhorted one and all to sink differences and join hands to bring back the state on the right track of economic growth to emerge once again as a model for others toemulate.Estimating revenue for 2010-11 at Rs 1,13,675 crore, including state share in revenue of Rs 62,702 crore, Mr Rosaiah proposed an expenditure of Rs 73,347 crore under non-plan and Rs 40,313 crore under plan.Talking to reporters after presenting the budget, Mr Rosaiah, expressing satisfaction over presenting a ''reasonable budget'' in the wake of global economic slowdown, said the Budget had reasonable allocation for various sectors with focus on welfare and development activities to achieve economic growth with equity. With the 13th Finance Commission recommendations on devolution of Central Taxes and Fiscal Deficit limits to be followed by states yet to be announced by the Centre, the state government had decided to curtail Fiscal Deficit to Rs 12,983 crore (2.97 per cent of GSDP) during 2010-11 as against Rs 14,282 crore (3.60 per cent of GSDP) during 2009-10 in the wake of the Centre permitting four per cent fiscal deficit last year.Earmarking Rs 3,000 crore for subsidising the Rs two-a-kg rice scheme and Rs 4,500 crore for providing free power to peasants for seven hours to energise farm pumpsets, Mr Rosaiah provided lion's share of Rs 15,011 crore for the irrigation sector. ======================================================

Congress pulls out of all-party panel on Telangana

The struggle for a separate Telangana state Friday received a setback with Congress leaders from the region deciding to walk out of the all-party Joint Action Committee (JAC) and chalk out their own course of action.

A meeting of Congress ministers, parliamentarians and state legislators from the Telangana region decided to form the Telangana Congress Action Committee.“We were so far working with the JAC, but from today (Friday) we will have our own action committee to organise programmes at various levels,” Congress legislator and former minister Jana Reddy told reporters here.The party leaders were unhappy with the JAC for directing all elected representatives from the region to resign over the terms of reference of the Srikrishna Committee formed by the central government to look into the Telangana state issue.They also took exception to JAC activists laying siege to their houses to pressurise them to resign.So far, only 15 out of 110 legislators from Telangana have submitted their resignations and assembly Speaker N. Kiran Kumar Reddy has accepted resignations of 12 of them, including all 10 of the Telangana Rashtra Samiti (TRS).Only two of the 50 Congress legislators from Telangana submitted their papers. The Congress central leadership is trying to convince both of them to withdraw their resignations.While the Congress leaders have refused to resign, those from opposition Telugu Desam Party (TDP) sent their papers to JAC convenor M. Kodandaram to build pressure on the ruling party.The meeting of Congress leaders also decided to request the central leadership to reduce the tenure of the Srikrishna panel. It asked for the panel’s report by Sep 30 instead of Dec 31.Meanwhile, Kodandaram reiterated that only the resignations of elected representatives could force the central government to initiate the process of formation of Telangana state as per its Dec 9 statement, which said the process for a separate Telangana state will be initiated soon.He said the Srikrishna Committee would be of no use as its terms of reference were not favourable for the formation of Telangana state.He said the JAC would intensify the movement for separate state and would announce its future course of action in a couple of days,  (thanks to way2online)
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Shri Salman Khurshid to Inaugurate a Conference on the occasion of International Mother Language Day tomorrow

(PIB NEWS) Shri Salman Khurshid, Minister for Minority Affairs, will inaugurate a Conference on the occasion of International Mother Language Day here tomorrow. The Conference has been organized by the Commissioner Linguistic Minorities (CLM) with a view to encourage multilingualism and to facilitate mother languages as medium of instruction. The Conference will discuss and suggest: (i) Action Plan for developing Mother Languages as medium of instruction in all primary schools of the country. (ii) The steps for funding by the Central/State Governments for implementation of safeguards for linguistic minorities. (iii) A Communication and Media Policy to make linguistic minorities aware of their rights/ safeguards. The Census Commissioner & Registrar General of India; Chairpersons/ Directors from UGC, NCERT, SCERTs, CIIL-Mysore, Tribal Research Institutes; Resource Persons and officers from the Central Government, the Education Secretaries/Nodal Officers from the States/UTs and the Delegates of Linguistic Minorities Associations representing different languages from all over India are expected to participate in the Conference. The International Mother Language Day is being observed on 21st February since 2000, to foster unity and harmony while ensuring linguistic and cultural diversity to flower and prosper. It was so proclaimed by UNESCO’s General Conference in November, 1999.
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12th National Conference of Chairpersons of State Public Service Commissions begins

(PIB NEWS) The Union Minister of State for Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Shri Prithviraj Chavan today called for new initiatives for a more efficient, accountable, responsive and transparent governance in the country. “If a public servant does not have fire in the belly to make a change, and motivation for public service, he cannot be an agent of change. Dedication and willingness to serve the people is as important as professional competence”, he said. He was addressing the inaugural session of the two-day 12th National Conference of Chairpersons of State Public Service Commissions, here. Shri Chavan said that the civil services have to attune themselves to the climate of change and help to translate developmental programmes into viable statutes and effective administrative acts. “They must accept the totality of the Indian heritage and function without any parochial, linguistic, religious, caste or class prejudice. The overall efficiency in the civil services is reflected in the social, economic, and political justice and equality of status and opportunity, which are cherished in the preamble of our Constitution. The Public Service Commissions immensely contribute in these noble values by their recommendations to the Government in molding the civil services”, he said. Speaking on the occasion, the Chairman, Union Public Service Commission and National Chairman of the Conference, Prof. D. P. Agrawal said that selecting the right person for the right task is the only way to build a strong, prosperous and just nation and it is the job of the Public Service Commissions to make it happen. “In order to enable us to discharge our constitutional obligations in full measure, it is imperative that we review our methods and procedures to meet the new challenges and adapt ourselves to the new environment of technological advancement”, he said. Prof. Agrawal said that the National Conferences of Chairpersons of State PSCs have been instrumental in improving the functioning of State PSCs. “The Conference has provided a platform for brainstorming and discussions on matters relating to methods of recruitment, personnel policies, conduct of examination, etc.”, he informed. He lauded the efforts of the Standing Committee of the National Conference in bringing out a ‘Compendium of Best Practices’ of the State PSCs, Rules of Procedure, Model Code of Conduct and a compilation of Court judgments that have a bearing on the functions of State PSCs, ======================================================

Vice President Inaugurates a Conference on ‘Islam & Oriental Religions’

(PIB NEWS) The Vice President of India, Shri M. Hamid Ansari has said that the inter-faith dialogue has emerged as a prominent civil society initiative between nations and groups in the post-Cold War world, amidst the “Clash of Civilisations” debate and the raging ethnic and religious conflicts in various parts of the globe. Delivering inaugural address at a conference titled “An International Dialogue between Islam and Oriental Religions” here today he has said that the “The Alliance of Civilizations” initiative under United Nations auspices connects people and organizations devoted to promoting dialogue among political, religious, media and civil society leaders, particularly between Muslim and Western societies. Other such dialogue frameworks include the Cordoba Initiative on improving Muslim-West relations, the Madrid Dialogue Conference that was a Saudi-Spanish effort, the Assisi interfaith work of the late Pope John Paul II and the Common Word initiative of Muslim scholars. The Vice President emphasised on the need to go beyond tolerance; the imperative for religious concord in a framework of equality is evident and compelling. This would be achieved only through a sustained, candid and uninterrupted dialogue without a syndrome of superiority or inferiority and with the objective of locating common values conducive to the maintenance of ethical standards essential for social harmony and furtherance of common objectives. The process of locating these values would bring forth other commonalities. Experience over time of shared public space and national common resources in everyday interaction, and mechanisms that blur boundaries through management of differences, would assist the process.
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